Introduction Monomers can be defined as small molecules that join together to form larger molecules. In order to completely understand the concept of monomers, let us first revise our definition of molecules. Molecules are defined as the stable pure particles formed by the chemical combination of two or more atoms. They can be either macro-molecules …
Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules present on earth. They are present abundantly in every living cell. Proteins are the polymers made up of thousands of amino acids linked via peptide bonds. Long chains of amino acids known as polypeptides fold around themselves in several ways to form complex structures called proteins. Functions performed …
Summary The main artery in the heart is the aorta and arteries carry blood away from the heart Arterioles are smaller arteries that diverge into capillary beds Exchange of nutrients, waste and oxygen occur at the capillaries within tissues at cellular level Veins are blood vessels that return blood back to the heart; where venules …
Structure and function of carbohydrates: Monosaccharides The backbones of common monosaccharides are unbranched carbon chains that range from three to seven carbon atoms; where the most common is known as glucose. They are linked by single bonds. When looking at the monosaccharide in an open chain there is a carbonyl group; where one of the …
Summary of Dipoles of Water Molecules Water is the main constituent in all organisms A water molecule is said to be dipolar because it has a positive and a negative pole as a result of the uneven distribution of electrons within it The dipole nature within a water molecule creates attractive forces known as hydrogen …
Summary Lipids are a heterogeneous group of compounds that are soluble in solvents like alcohol and benzene but insoluble in water They are the big source of energy within the body They are the building blocks of many higher molecular weights compounds Lipids are associated with certain disorders such as atherosclerosis and obesity One molecule …
Summary To ensure that blood vessels don’t break when there is a cause of injury, a blood clot is crucial Blood clotting can also prevent you from bleeding to death which also protects you from bacterial and virial infection The process by which a blood clot is formed is called the coagulation cascade that involves …
Summary of Transport in Animals Transport of materials i.e nutrients and gaseous exchange is basic necessity of living organisms Unicellular organisms transport materials via active and passive transport Multicellular organisms require a complete system of transportation called circulatory system Passive transport is carried out either by diffusion or by osmosis process Passive transport does not …
Summary The three types of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars e.g. glucose. fructose and galactose Disaccharides are formed by condensation where there is linking of two monosaccharides together Disaccharides can be broken down to monosaccharides via hydrolysis Polysaccharides, also known as polymers contain three or more monosaccharides Polysaccharides; starch, …
Summary of the Mammalian Heart The heart is a muscular organ in majority animals that pumps bloods via the blood vessels to form the circulatory system Blood provides the human body with important nutrients and oxygen whilst also assisting in the removal of metabolic waste The heart is situated off centre to the left side …
